求通英大神能讲解一下：英文五行打油诗（Limerick）有些什么讲究（若有例诗更佳）

aabba韵主要用于五行打油诗nbsp;limerick这是一种通俗的幽默短诗，由五行诗句组成，韵式是aabba，主要格律是抑抑扬格，第三和第四行是两个音步，其余各行是三个音步。它的起源不详，18世纪时在爱尔兰的利默里克郡有一群诗人用爱尔兰语写五行打油诗。用英语写的第一个集子出现在1820年前后。其中最有名的是利尔《胡闹集》(1846)中的那些。介绍一些英语诗律一、自由诗nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;三特征：（1）无韵（2）音数或音步不拘（3）行数参差nbsp;二、诗行的长短nbsp;nbsp;1、偶音行nbsp;nbsp;（1）十二音：亚历山大式（alexandrine），源于12世纪《亚历山大故事诗》nbsp;nbsp;（2）十音、八音nbsp;nbsp;2、奇音行十三音、十一音、九音nbsp;nbsp;3、短行七、六、五、四、三、二音nbsp;nbsp;4、长短行（此处指有规则的长短行）nbsp;nbsp;*跨行法：一个句子分跨两行或多行（抛词法：只留一个词抛到另一行）nbsp;三、音步（foot）nbsp;nbsp;希腊、拉丁语一个长音和一个或两个短音结合，构成音步。法语无长短音，故一个音算作一步。英国用重、轻音和希腊长、短音相当。若干音步构成诗行，这叫“步律（meter）”普通步律四种（xnbsp;表示轻音）：1．轻重律：（1）淹波律（iambicnbsp;ornbsp;iambus）：一轻一重律nbsp;xnbsp;anbsp;nbsp;xnbsp;anbsp;nbsp;xnbsp;a（2）阿那贝律（anapest）：二轻一重律nbsp;xnbsp;xnbsp;anbsp;nbsp;xnbsp;xnbsp;anbsp;nbsp;xnbsp;xnbsp;a2．重轻律：nbsp;nbsp;（1）特罗凯律(trochee)nbsp;：一重一轻律nbsp;nbsp;anbsp;xnbsp;nbsp;anbsp;xnbsp;nbsp;anbsp;xnbsp;nbsp;（2）德提尔律（dactyl）：二重一轻nbsp;anbsp;xnbsp;xnbsp;nbsp;anbsp;xnbsp;xnbsp;nbsp;anbsp;xnbsp;xnbsp;（此处我疑）nbsp;*外加律：每行之末有一个多余的“轻音”，则这轻音不算入音步之内nbsp;四、韵脚的构成1、常韵：甲行最后音节里的元音（母音）和乙行最后音节里的元音（母音）完全相同。如果元音后面带一两个辅音，则辅音也必须相同。nbsp;nbsp;2、贫韵：不依照正常押韵规矩，押韵处不够谐和。nbsp;nbsp;（1）协音（assonance）：只有元音相同，词的收尾辅音不同nbsp;nbsp;（2）协字（alliteration）：只有辅音相同，元音不同nbsp;nbsp;3、富韵：非但前一行末一个元音与另一行相同，且那元音前面的辅音也相同。或非但末一个音节整个相同，倒数第二个音节的元音也相同。nbsp;nbsp;4、阴阳韵：韵脚只有一个音节叫阳韵，含有两到三个音节，叫阴韵。5、句首韵nbsp;*素诗(blanknbsp;verse)：通常每行十个音，无韵，音步整齐。如莎士比亚《哈姆雷特》，弥尔顿《失乐园》。nbsp;五、韵脚的位置：1、记韵法：nbsp;nbsp;（1）一首诗分为n段，每段押韵方式和韵脚完全相同，记作nbsp;nnbsp;ababnbsp;nbsp;（2）一首诗分为n段，每段押韵方式相同，韵脚不同，记作*nnbsp;ababnbsp;（3）大写字母表示全行重叠，如AbbaAnbsp;nbsp;（4）大写的R表示每段煞尾的结句2、随韵：aabb（法文rimesnbsp;suivies，法诗中古典悲剧里的韵式）nbsp;nbsp;（1）四行随韵：*nnbsp;aabbnbsp;nbsp;（2）偶体诗：*nnbsp;aanbsp;（英诗五步淹波律偶体称“英雄偶体”）nbsp;nbsp;（3）三随式：*nnbsp;aaa3、交韵：abab（法文rimesnbsp;croisées，西洋诗正则）（1）双交nbsp;ababnbsp;nbsp;*英诗“英雄四行”：四行五步淹波律双交*法国古代“巴律(Ballade)”：3ababbcbc+bcbc*terza-rima（《神曲》所用韵式）：abanbsp;bcbnbsp;cdcnbsp;dednbsp;ee4、抱韵：abba（法文rimesnbsp;enbrassées，十四行诗正则）5、杂体：（1）遥韵：隔开不止两句押韵（2）交随相杂：nbsp;nbsp;*ottavanbsp;rimanbsp;八行诗：abababccnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;*rimenbsp;royalnbsp;stanzanbsp;皇家诗：ababbccnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;*Spenseriannbsp;stanzanbsp;斯宾塞式：ababbcbcc（3）交抱相杂：如ababccb（4）随抱相杂：如abbccb（5）交随抱相杂：如ababccdeed6、叠句(refrain)*记法：（1）叠句地方以大写字母为记，如AbbaA（2）大写字母后面加一撇，表示另一叠句。如ABA’B’BCB’C

limerick
[5lImErIk]
n.五行打油诗（一种通俗幽默短诗，有五行组成，韵式为aabba）

limerick
[5lImErIk]
n
五行打油诗

limerick
[5limErik]
n.
(按 aabba 押韵的)五行打油诗

Limerick
AHD:[l筸搮r-策, l筸搑策]
D.J.:[6lim*ik, 6limrik]
K.K.:[6l!m+!k, 6l!mr!k]
NONE
A borough of southwest Ireland on the Shannon River estuary. It was an important Norse settlement in the 9th and 10th centuries and was taken by the English in the late 12th century. The city is noted for its fine lace. Population, 60,736.

limerick
AHD:[l筸搮r-策]
D.J.:[6lim*ik]
K.K.:[6l!m+!k]
n.
A light humorous, nonsensical, or bawdy verse of five anapestic lines usually with the rhyme scheme aabba.

After Limerick

Etymologies can sometimes be a bit disappointing, as, for example, when one is told that limerick is named after a city or county in Irelandwithout being told why it is so named. Unfortunately, we run into a difficulty here that is not uncommonly faced by etymologists, namely, that no one is precisely sure why this piece of humorous verse was so named. One theory is that it was named for a group of poets who wrote in Limerick in the 18th century; another, that it came from a custom at parties of making up a nonsense verse and following it with a chorus of 揥ill you come up to Limerick.?In any case, the first limericks appeared in books published in 1820 and 1821, and the form was popularized by Edward Lear in a collection published in 1846. The word itself, however, is not recorded until 1896. Let us sum up by saying: 揟here once was a verse form named limerick./No one can account for the name of it./Some think from a game/Or from poets it came./If you know please come up to Limerick.?

Limerick
AHD:[l筸搮r-策, l筸搑策]
D.J.:[6lim*ik, 6limrik]
K.K.:[6l!m+!k, 6l!mr!k]
NONE
A borough of southwest Ireland on the Shannon River estuary. It was an important Norse settlement in the 9th and 10th centuries and was taken by the English in the late 12th century. The city is noted for its fine lace. Population, 60,736.
利默尼里克爱尔兰西南部一地区，位于香农河河口。在9世纪和10世纪时是斯堪的纳维亚人的重要居住地，在12世纪后期被英格兰人占领。以出产精美的绣花边闻名。人口60,736

limerick
AHD:[l筸搮r-策]
D.J.:[6lim*ik]
K.K.:[6l!m+!k]
n.
A light humorous, nonsensical, or bawdy verse of five anapestic lines usually with the rhyme scheme aabba.
五行打油诗韵脚通常为 aabba的幽默、无聊或下流的抑抑扬格五行诗

After Limerick
源自 Limerick

Etymologies can sometimes be a bit disappointing, as, for example, when one is told that limerick is named after a city or county in Irelandwithout being told why it is so named. Unfortunately, we run into a difficulty here that is not uncommonly faced by etymologists, namely, that no one is precisely sure why this piece of humorous verse was so named. One theory is that it was named for a group of poets who wrote in Limerick in the 18th century; another, that it came from a custom at parties of making up a nonsense verse and following it with a chorus of 揥ill you come up to Limerick.?In any case, the first limericks appeared in books published in 1820 and 1821, and the form was popularized by Edward Lear in a collection published in 1846. The word itself, however, is not recorded until 1896. Let us sum up by saying: 揟here once was a verse form named limerick./No one can account for the name of it./Some think from a game/Or from poets it came./If you know please come up to Limerick.?
查看词源学后会经常令我们失望，这是因为，比如，当某人得知 limerick是由爱尔兰的一城市（或一个郡的）名字而来，却并不告知这样命名的原因。不幸的是，我们碰到了一个词源学家经常遇到的难题，那就是，没有一个人能确定为什么这种幽默的诗歌这样命名。一种理论认为它是源于18世纪在利默里克写作的一群诗人；还有一种看法认为它是源于一种集会上的风俗，这种风俗要求写完一毫无意义的诗后众人合唱“你将去利默里克吗”。 不管怎样，1820年和1821年出版的这种五行打油诗集子广为流传，爱德华·利尔于1846年出版的集子使这种形式得到普及。但是，这个单词直到1896年才有记载。我们可以通过这么说来总结：“曾经有种诗的形式名叫利默里克。/但没有人能解释它的名字。/有人认为源于一种游戏/或源于一群诗人。/如果你知道就到利默里克来。”

五行打油诗一种通俗幽默的短诗,有五行组成,韵式为aabba

五行滑稽诗,一种滑稽而无意义,五内容的五行诗

五行打油诗

There once was an old man of Esser,
Whose knowledge grew lesser and lesser,
It at last grew so small
He knew nothing at all,
And now he's a college professor.

There once was a lady, Ilene,
Who liver on distilled kerosene,
But she started absorbin'
A new hydrocarbon
and since then she'd never benzene

There once was a lady from Hyde,
Who ate a green apple and died,
While her lover lamented,
The apple fermented,
and made cider inside her inside.

There was a young lady one fall
Who wore a newspaper dress to a ball.
The dress caught fire
And burned her entire
Front page, sporting section and all.

There was an old man of Philly,
Who was hooked on the movie Free Willy.
He quit his job at the jail,
for a dolphin and whale,
And so was the life of Wee Willy.

A mouse in her room woke Miss Doud
Who was frightened and screamed very loud
Then a happy thought hit her
To scare off the critter
She sat up in bed and just meowed

There once was a old man from Norway -
who cussed as he sat in a doorway-
the door smacked him flat-
and he yelled "what was that"?
that disgruntled old man from Norway!

There was a fat turkey named Sam,
Who gobbled whenever he ran.
He came out of the bush,
Presenting his tush,
And was shot up the arse by a man.

我就知道这些,不知能否帮的上你!
There once was an old man of Esser,
Whose knowledge grew lesser and lesser,
It at last grew so small
He knew nothing at all,
And now he's a college professor.

There once was a lady, Ilene,
Who liver on distilled kerosene,
But she started absorbin'
A new hydrocarbon
and since then she'd never benzene

There once was a lady from Hyde,
Who ate a green apple and died,
While her lover lamented,
The apple fermented,
and made cider inside her inside.

There was a young lady one fall
Who wore a newspaper dress to a ball.
The dress caught fire
And burned her entire
Front page, sporting section and all.

There was an old man of Philly,
Who was hooked on the movie Free Willy.
He quit his job at the jail,
for a dolphin and whale,
And so was the life of Wee Willy.

A mouse in her room woke Miss Doud
Who was frightened and screamed very loud
Then a happy thought hit her
To scare off the critter
She sat up in bed and just meowed

There once was a old man from Norway -
who cussed as he sat in a doorway-
the door smacked him flat-
and he yelled "what was that"?
that disgruntled old man from Norway!

There was a fat turkey named Sam,
Who gobbled whenever he ran.
He came out of the bush,
Presenting his tush,
And was shot up the arse by a man.